As a rule, modern malls have restaurants and cinemas, so it is possible to spend a whole day there moving from one place to another. Now many Russian parks are being modernized: wi-fi is offered, numerous places for work and rest are equipped, interesting events are organized — from open-air yoga classes to street exhibitions.
Cultural entertainment and going to concerts are also quite popular. There are very long queues to some museum exhibitions. Not all the lecturers are equally competent but if you are lucky you can get new knowledge. Various dancing, drawing, foreign languages training courses and schools are also very popular. Russian people have personal, more specific hobbies like car tuning, taking photos, or war-historical reconstruction.
Usually there are special thematic websites and message boards dedicated to these hobbies and their subscribers regularly meet offline. At such meeting good communities are formed where people can find new friends or even a new love. At such places customers pay per time spent — usually roubles per minute. For that you will get unlimited tea with biscuits. Many of them are excessively childish or, on the contrary, too complicated, but there are nice exceptions too.
Whatever kind of leisure in Russia we choose — first of all, this is interaction. Interaction with people or just with nature — and the best thing is to combine both. Russia is deservedly proud of its theatre art. The approach of training actors developed by K. Stanislavsky is known everywhere in the world, theatre plays have been always written by the best writers, and hot performances express the tension of the epoch.
Russian people have always gone to the theatre not so much for the entertainment but for revelation, for the truth. In recent years the Russian cities with population over million people try to catch up with the two "happening" capitals: they open plenty of clubs with good music, large floor areas and not so luxury public. The night life of Novosibirsk is especially rich. Russian Theatre Russia is deservedly proud of its theatre art. Night Life in Russia In recent years the Russian cities with population over million people try to catch up with the two "happening" capitals: they open plenty of clubs with good music, large floor areas and not so luxury public.
Foreign customers had to do without British supplies, get them from us or the Japanese, or begin to make the goods for themselves. After the war some nations raised their tariffs, and others were too poor to buy. Consequently the British found it difficult to win back their old customers or to find new ones to replace the old Japan, India, and China now made their own cheap cottons, and the Oriental market was lost to Lancashire.
The demand for woolens was injured by changes in clothing fashions; the need for coal was reduced by the growing use of oil or electricity; the shipyards were idle, for the world had too many ships. The scale on the left side is in millions of pounds sterling. Note : 1 In and there was a surplus left over for further investment.
In there was a deficit:. But in gold was also exported in large quantities to balance the account. This collapse brought Britain to the acute crisis of While the exports were down by half, the imports had fallen only a quarter.
It had 3,, unemployed, and its stock of gold was being drained out of the country. Obviously the export-import formula no longer worked. If the country could not sell, ship, and serve abroad in its old volume, it could not buy abroad in the grand old easy manner. Or, to put it another way, if people overseas would not buy from Britain they could no longer expect to sell duty free to her. She must produce more goods at home, import only what she could afford to pay for, and buy from countries which were willing to take her goods in exchange:.
Tariffs were imposed on most imports. The British farmer was helped by tariffs, by limiting the amount of imported foods, and by subsidies. Trade treaties were negotiated with countries which were willing to make reciprocal tariff concessions. The fraction of the total output that was exported fell from 33 per cent in to 22 per cent in , and possibly to 15 per cent on the eve of the present war. But by way of consolation for this loss, there was a great expansion in many new industries between the two wars.
In Britain as in tile United States, there was the coming of the automobile and of all the industries and occupations which the car and truck brought into being. There was a widening use of electricity anti electrical appliances; a vast spread of cycling; a great increase in the commercial production of bread, cakes, candies, and canned goods; a widespread spending of more time and money attending movie houses, playing or watching games, going on hikes or holidays, or seeking other forms of relaxation; and there was a vigorous effort to overcome the shortages of houses and to wipe out slums.
The first World War impoverished the old rich and many of the middle class; but it raised the wages of many workers, and various other factors helped to improve the condition of the general population outside the depressed industries. Hence there was more money to spend on the activities and commodities listed above.
Some of the new industries might export goods, but most of them served only the domestic market. They helped Britain to recover more quickly than did any other country from the depression of —32, and the nation discovered that it could do a lot more work for itself at home instead of relying so heavily on overseas buyers. Yet the old order is still vitally important.
Britain can creep part way into the shelter of its domestic economy; but the country is too small to be a foxhole for 47,, people. The British cannot live alone, unconcerned with the rest of the world, or even the rest of the world outside the Empire.
They cannot feed themselves, they cannot produce all the raw materials they need, and they have no domestic supply of gasoline. Britain must continue to import on a large scale, and the problem of paying for those imports is one of her fundamental postwar problems, perhaps the fundamental problem. Many of her foreign markets are gone for the duration, and will be hard to regain. Her invisible exports will be greatly shrunken; for in the first place her merchant marine has been greatly reduced and she will face the competition of a vast new fleet of American freighters; and in the second place her income from overseas investments has declined, may disappear entirely if the war lasts long, and may be replaced by a debt to foreign creditors.
It is estimated that 70 per cent of her overseas investments have been sold to pay for war supplies; she owes India more than she had invested there, and perhaps the same is true in the case of Canada, the Argentine, and possibly Australia. Consequently the invisible exports which used to pay for over a third of the visible imports will be very much smaller; in place of the old inward excess flow of goods to pay interest; etc.
If postwar conditions are such as to make international trade possible on a large scale; the British will go after it eagerly in order to pay what they owe and to buy what they need. Under the stress of war they have scrapped much that was old in their industrial equipment, organization, and methods, and have shown ingenuity and efficiency of the very highest order.
If there are few markets, the outlook will be gloomy, and the British will have to do without many things they would like to import. If this hurts them, it will also hurt the countries whose old customer or new debtor Britain is, for if she cannot afford to buy from them there will probably be no other good customer available. In the prewar world there was virtually no other place to which Danes, Argentineans, New Zealanders, Australians, Canadians, and many others could sell their farm produce.
What they got for it depended in large measure on what the British could afford to pay them. So it may be after this war. If Britain is too poor to buy or pay good prices, sellers the world over will share her poverty, and the task of adjusting themselves to new conditions will be long and painful. GI Roundtable Series. Corey Prize Raymond J. Cunningham Prize John H. Klein Prize Waldo G. Marraro Prize George L. Mosse Prize John E. Palmegiano Prize James A. Schmitt Grant J. Beveridge Award Recipients Albert J.
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