Complicating things further is the definition of race itself: It has no basis in biology, yet its constructions, functions and mythologies irrevocably shape the world as we know it. So is an end approaching? Will increased racial mixing finally and permanently redefine how we imagine our racial identities? The latest figures suggest we're getting more comfortable with the idea, or perhaps that we simply give fewer shits than ever before.
Either would be a step in the right direction. It's unclear whether they've included same-sex unions in the count, but as currently stated, this number is more than double what it was 25 years ago.
The U. How could this anomaly be rationalized? The new idea of race helped explain why some people could be denied the rights and freedoms that others took for granted.
Race justified social inequalities as natural. It rationalized not only slavery but also the extermination of Indians, exclusion of Asian immigrants, and the taking of Mexican lands by a nation that otherwise professed a deep belief in liberty and equality.
Racialized practices became institutionalized within American government, laws, and society and persist even though de jure segregation ended. Racism is a powerful social force that gives people different access to opportunities and resources. This affects everyone, whether we are aware of it or not. Colorblindness will not end racism. While all of you would love to stir up racial issues, the fact remains, we are all related. Those of us who embraced God at an early age know that already.
And, guess what? They were negroes. So what? This idea of any race being superior or inferior is ridiculous! The atheist professors, the socialist ideology want to divide us with non-issues or what should be non-issues. Accept the fact that we are all one big family and move on to something else. Many of us are sick and tired of the old BS rhetoric. Therefore I must conclude that your racist tendency forces you to attribute blackness to the true first family! It might be a fraction of a percent genetic difference, but there are real and measurable differences between races.
Specific diseases in abnormally large numbers, physical and mental abilities, appearance differences. Humans are all tribalists. We also like people who look similar to us. You rarely see a hug-a-rainbow mixture of colours and creeds with social groups. Dance Music Art Cuisine all exist among cultures because we are individuals with differences but essentially humans are a monolith in the grander scale of things.
Reading a few paragraphs, I see why… The left wing brain wash is clear. Let me guess, pet project, extra creds…. Keep politics to yourself and the voting booth… FFS, far left wing brain washing…. How can anyone call it social construct when the difference is there and even the writer who is strongly persuaded that race is a social construct admits it is there by his awesome genetics researches, because normal people with brain and functioning eyes can obviously determine person race even without those researches.
There, the author of this article may argue with me that color, shape of eyes, noses and differences like that are also social construct. Also he considers approximately 0. Also I would like to know if the 0. Nonetheless, some horses are mean.
Reading this, all I can see is the Terror Management Theory at work. I am no learned fellow but I will give you one undeniable fact: Whether a Caucasian, Mongoloid, Capoid, Negroid or Australoid, you will be dead in the next years. Better concetrate on the things that will bring about positive change in your life and those around you.
So what if we Whites are more intelligent than other humans, should we start living on Mars alone? So what if Blacks are inferior, should we put them all in cages to prove a point? Were those examples actual views or are they sarcastic point stating?
If it is true that some groups are less capable than others, that is frightening and has real consequences on the world around us. Your positivity will matter little when your neighborhood becomes a ghetto from which most reasonable people already fled from.
Some of the comparisons of alleles of individuals of different ethnicity are obviously based solaly on exons being counted as genes. Genes in introns are known to be able to contain regulatory functions that have to be counted as well. It is likely that differences in introns as well as exons are thus larger percentage-wise than those solely based on exons. Furthermore, even a seemingly small difference of as little as 0. Significant differences between ethnicities are no basis for racism, eg.
Furthermore, it is surprising, that nobody seems to emphasize that president Obama — while visually African American — genetically has to be considered as much white as black having had parents of both ethnicities. Am I wrong to suspect that he is not a lone example of such a situation?
I came here to read a scientific article but only read till the end of the first section. Disgusting but not surprising nowadays that a supposedly credible university allowed such a politically motivated and biased piece of writing to be published. A ridiculously twisted slant on the current president of the United States. I will leave it to more academic and more intelligent people than myself to articulate the full wrongness of this article in everything but the science but suffice to say, ordinary people are waking up to race baiting trouble makers like Vivian Chou.
Basis of our society should be equal access to opportunity but not outcomes. This shows research demonstrates why. When we find disparities between races at a societal level that could be a reflection of genetic differences. But on an individual level, people with the same abilities should be given the same opportunities, regardless of race or gender. The differences between cultures and how they interact with each other in a global society is a much more relevant and practical issue.
The differences is visual Not genetic, is all this article is explaining. The morphological differences are due to genetic-biological differences. Races are historically regionally distinctive historically indigenous lineages, and which were largely separate from other historically regionally disinctive historically indigenous populations,… and which the morphologies and genetic qualities show to be collectively obviously different,….. Btw, grapes of most species can interbreed with grapes of different species, from different continents,….
It appears that the white race is the last edition of man kind, and their features are the dominant features of future generations. Descendants of white and black people starts to produce generations with less features of the black people and after few generations all of them will have the white features, as designed by a Creator. Observed during my life.
Luis, The only way future generations would get more and more white would be if there were only white spouses for all subsequent generations. If there were only more heavily pigmented skined spouses for each generation then the generations would get progressively darker skinned and ultimately be black. This how it works in nature, or if you prefer, designed by a creator.
Actually from what ive seen in Through the wormhole the difference is Reminder that, in , even institutions like Harvard are little more than glorified degree mills. The intensive ideological indoctrination you receive at places like Harvard will basically obliterate your capacity for honest, well balanced, thorough thought, and leave those who graduate less well mentally equipped than they were when they enrolled.
The only real skill gained is how to be a highly polished professional liar. Human skulls from different races look notably different, for crying out loud. You can identify race from skeletal structure. But if you have graduated from Harvard, you will gain the ability to state with great confidence that all of this is the result only of environmental and cultural factors.
Why is there such a pathetic obsession with politicizing everything? Not an article infected with tired political talking points. These days, in fact, vicious bigotry and racism has become a hateful and accepted obsession by those on the left, with predictable and appalling consistency. What happened to objective, reasonable, and intelligent thought and discussion of substantive issues important to us all?
Harvard has certainly lost its shine, and is truly nothing special anymore. It has become just another political propaganda mill for the left, with diminishing credibility, and a very predictable, and very tiresome, group-think perspective.
Great topic, but sadly ruined by infection with unnecessary and senseless political agenda. D to know that many racial attributes, e. And there is a paper on the human genome. This is old news.. Wake up and smell the flowers! Political bias and demonizing the alleged alt-right never properly defined is what characterizes the whole article. The author seems to be preaching her own political bias and practicing political evangelism disguised as reasoning on a common issue and using science as a catalyst for pushing her own political agenda.
FACT: Racism came back in style big time with Obama, not Trump, and was ridiculously augmented by the liberal left lunatics in the lamestream media pushing the race card everywhere all the time. Trump inherited the Obama revival of racism legacy. Exactly, it is under Obama that they went completely nuts with race baiting and racism against whites.
Geneticists can now accurately determine the race of an individual. This is not to say that race is not a social construct… but that is a very vague explanation. That we put a shade of one color in blue and not purple is also a social construct in the same sense. It is doubtful you actually read the article you reference, or if you did you either did not understand it or are deliberately mischaracterizing it.
Thus, caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes. This article had me believing its precept, then it got political and lost me completely and made me doubt the author is unbiased and not promulgating real science.
I love the US and our constitution. I respect all those who respect others. You need to know a lot of biology esp genetics to contribute meaningfully to this question.. There are significant implications. Lefties at it again. Psychology is. The same tools used to diagnose and treat sociopathic narcissism would be appropriate for treating racists, or at least for protecting the public from them. I have adopted this as my new Social, Political description that I want to be called.
I was raised in Australia which is home to many people from different countries and races. I know this because Ive spent time in other countries and I think Australia has a really bad racism problem that they need to work on. To me when I look at both sides of my family and when I see other races I do believe that some races are more evolved or developed than others.
Its not to criticise Mums race at all but Im tired of all this politically correct rubbish. Yes of course there are the odd exceptions here and there. Chinese people tend to be academically smart, whats wrong with stating an obvious fact? Theyre just trying to appear open minded and inclusive because it makes them look good. What does love and acceptance have to do with the fact that we are different? The Aboriginals here in Australia have suffered greatly and still do today at the hands of white people who implement racist laws.
My people, the Maori have had an easier time because they fought back and a treaty was made. The defenceless Aboriginals had no chance at all. You cannot deny that some races are more evolved or developed than others, you only need to see the physical features and behaviour of different races to know that. Continuing from my previous post above……. Its a fact. And yes white people have harmed certain races, how? By forcing them to integrate into white society and pretending they are equal. Then when those races find it difficult to fit into a society that is not part of their cultural heritage they are treated like they are hopeless or not good enough or whatever.
Its because they will never fit in! How about lets accept that we arent equal in every way and leave it alone. We are all equal as human beings yes but lets speak the truth for once and be real!
I am quite sure that if it was Africans for example running the world today they would be more racist than white people are! Oh but no-ones allowed to say that right? But black people are allowed to cry racism any time they like! That means accepting our differences as races and encouraging people to be the best they can be within their own race.
Aww gawd some of these comments are so depressing. My son and l are different colors. According to some commentators taking their comments to there full conclusion it would seem that l have managed the spectacular biological feat of giving birth to someone who is a different species to myself. In addition, this would also seem that he would automatically have an IQ 30 points lower than my self and various other qualities all inferior to my own He also likes to spend lots of time working in hot countries where he tans very deeply.
Does his IQ drop when this happens? If we were genetically tested only l and his father would match as his parents. You could test everyone on this planet, only we will match. Can you guess which one of us it was? Hi FL, my kids are different colour to me also, their father is Pakistani and very dark skinned. Living around that for years, the way they behaved towards me and my children because they arent full blooded Pakistani well it further leads me to the conclusion that racial differences do exist.
Im not talking so much about the racism part though, because racism exists in all communities, but rather, the way people think, the way they treat each other and how they deal with things in general. I lived around this particular race for long enough to notice a lot about them. And no I dont believe its just a result of lack of education or whatever, its their racial characteristics. You cant measure races purely by IQ or education level, its the behaviour, the mentality, the way people think and reason.
Being educated is one thing, the way you behave is quite another. I have only one sibling a full biological sister, 2 years younger. She seems to hv inherited a lot of the Polynesian maori ways of thinking, behaviour and mentality, whereas I have inherited more of my fathers traits in those areas.
Even the way we look, she looks more Polynesian, I look more European. My sister is a lot closer to our mother, because well, I put it down to the fact that she has inherited more of the maori genes so she and Mum get on better because of that. We grew up in the same house with our biological parents. I on the other hand, I am the exact opposite, I am not business minded at all and nor is Mum. Outwardly she is successful in a financial sense, she can mix with all kinds of people easily, she is amazing in that way, but theres another side to her that maybe only I would notice, being her sister.
Its hard to describe but I do notice it in her even now, and I believe its a direct result of the genetic traits she has inherited. How can I get this across without sounding racist? It has impacted on our relationship in terms of the fact that she and I hv never really been close.
Genetic differences do come out in mixed race people such as my sister and I, so what better example could you get that not all races are the same? I have enjoyed reading this article. I still believe that Human is the race. Then it is devided into subsections of origen.
Also social development within a family unit should have a major role in shaping what is known as the so called culture. Living in Africa made me see that when people kling to their so called culture, they tend to follow fixed rules and thereby cause themselves to become either corrupt to climb the ladder in becoming known and respected by the people or followers of these nonsense rules causing them to lose track of reality and scene.
Thus educating these people bound to culture becomes more difficult as they will always refer back to rule no 1. What is the rule of the culture? There is never a rule of — investigate the possibility that it makes sense or that it may be found to be true. These culture bound people will also believe everything that these cultural leaders say. It will never matter if it makes sense or not. Ooooh yes! Why is Trump mentioned in your article as a wink wink racist?
He has not been outspoken over any so called race. What he was outspoken about, was people promoting racism. I personally think that him and his members, have done more good for all people than anyone before. Do you know why no one is opposing views like these?
For the same reason officials in China are not opposing the Chinese communist party. Those who tried like James Watson have been silenced and put on their spot. No one in the scientific community would dare to question this ideological crusade of making everything scientifically equal, they know their careers would be over if they did that.
Real science and truth are rarely this comforting, it is obvious that this is what you get only after suppressing those who disagreed. The relationship between race and genetics is relevant to the controversy concerning race classification. Anyone who says race is a social construct should be ashamed to be a scientist. There are measurable differences between the races, and those differences developed from natural selection in the region where that race evolved.
To ignore this scientific fact is to ignore the truth. Derek Elliot, you are exactly right. Scientists just make up stories to please everybody rather than report the actual facts.
You dont need a study to see that there are differences between races. White people are more intelligent or whatever you want to call it overall. I am mixed race white father, Polynesian mother and Im sorry people might not want to hear it but its the truth. Im not offended on behalf of myself, my mum or the race I am being Polynesian , Im just going by my own experiences living around my own family and seeing the differences in how both sides of my family behave, think and deal with things.
Mums family they are more tribal, they deal with family issues in a way that white people Dads family view as strange, well because for them it is!
Its actually a main contributing factor as to why my parents divorced in the end. To this day I still hv to listen to one side of the family bagging out the other and yes race always comes into it. And sorry but when I compare the two, the white side of my family do behave think and deal with things better. Because obviously as a race they are more evolved.
But by definition having more than 0. Just a thought, or a question sorry I think alot. Your opening sentence not only defined your bias, but defined the subject of your analysis.
I think the tensions began with the previous administration but that may be my bias, and like you I did no research to support my claim. It would have been more clear to make your point with a bit of data to support it, instead of making a one sided opinion. I expect more from a place of higher learning. The bottom line. We have one earth and when it no longer sustains the very lives you are pondering the DNA of, it is over. It may be that the consequences of our collective actions are irreversible in the quest for power and money.
The premise to this article is assinine. So long as differences exist, some people will use them as a basis for discrimination. Full stop! Nice try, though! I suppose the big clue in the end is that we can all have children together, and therefore we are the same species.
That includes Neanderthals who also come from Africa but a lot earlier. Humans categories things in simple ways because they are desperate to find differences. They find partners the same way. Culture plays into this. It is not uncommon for a person with black ancestry to want to marry someone with as similar ancestry as possible. Indeed, their parents may insist on it. You find the same divisions with religions; Jewish families insisting their children marry other Jews, for instance.
I have seen the same with Indians — Hindus not marrying Muslims. Christians play the same game. Back to the eyes, however, I am not sure any parent has insisted on a particular eye colour for their in law. You see, everyone seeks to be divisive.
It is no surprise that race and racism is a human creation. I am human, live in Canada, with a constitution that protects all citizens. In my belief system there is no race, religion, culture or economic status that takes precedence and we are richer for our diversity.
The demise of science and academic objectivity and independence is complete; it has been destroyed. Applying contrived interpretations of fact to establish political agendas has prevailed since Galileo and will persist.
At this very point I can destroy the entire argument made in this article, obviously penned by just another premature hack or hack group looking for funding while claiming to be academic pioneers.
What our future looks like in the hands of these malevolent social marxist leaning manipulators is open to speculation. Hopefully we have learned some intellectual circumspection in place of bombastic dictates avoiding the repeated folly of our past absolute convictions. I can write a piece of AI assembler code of lines and change one instruction and in so doing change the entire behaviour of the executable algorithm.
Perhaps your erudite contingent at Harvard should consider the implications of such a simple example. Here is my wager….. Go find yourself an island where you can inbreed. Count me as an American of German ancestry who vehemently disagrees with your goal. I have lived half my life in East Asia, obviously visible as a minority. You white supremacists are afraid of living as a minority because you expect to be treated as badly as others have been treated in that situation—perhaps as badly as you have treated others.
One white boy on a break from college who has too many Chinese girlfirends or who gets drunk and makes noise at night becomes a statement about white people in general. For example, it makes it harder for me to find a landlord willing to rent to me, despite being an older female professional.
So man up! Everybody ought to experience being a minority at some point. Everyone is a minority somewhere. Having empathy for people like yourself is easy. But there is no natural barrier to empathy. Limiting empathy to people like yourself is a choice—a choice that, in my view, diminishes your humanity and reveals you are, at bottom, weak and afraid. GENETICS relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes which are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents.
Your first two sentences set the tone for the entire article, and are completely false. The Obama administration sewed the seeds for the racial conflicts we see today. Before Obama, there was little conflict that involved racism, and our country was not divided over race or history. Genesis New International Version 25 The first to come out was red, and his whole body was like a hairy garment; so they named him Esau. I am saddened by so much racist ignorance on this thread.
I think Harvard should close it for further comments. This is actually quite funny. When people decide to challenge what has been hit into their heads over and over again. Suddenly discussion must stop by any means. What is the definition of insanity? Trying to reason with a racist. Because hate is a product of fear. Feeling threatened by the superior African male physique, men of European ancestry feared rejection by females. Today, as throughout recent history, men of African ancestry are still feared.
But this is not about intelligence. No, this is about the most basic of human drives, that of reproduction and species survival. There is no point to reasoning with a racist because this is more basic. It is about penis envy. Men who feel the most threatened are also the most hateful, as is true of most tyrants throughout history.
So lets stop the b.. As scientists we know that there is ONE human race! I'd bet later rather than sooner. Human genetics is a pretty complex and amazing thing. How many times have you met a family with one kid who might look like the parents, but with another kid by the same parents who looks completely different?
Magnify that to a worldwide gene pool and mix in stuff like poverty, isolation, tribalism, racism and so forth, and it looks like it's going to be a long time until we all look the same, preferably as good-looking as me.
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